Negligence and liability
Most personal injury claims are built on negligence — the idea that someone failed to act with reasonable care, and that failure caused your injury. To have a valid claim, you generally need to show that another party owed you a duty of care, breached that duty, and caused you measurable harm as a result.
Comparative fault
New York follows a pure comparative negligence rule (CPLR §1411). This means you can still recover compensation even if you were partially responsible for the accident — your award is simply reduced by your percentage of fault. Insurance adjusters sometimes use this rule to shift blame onto injured claimants, which is one reason it's worth having a lawyer review any fault determination before you accept it.
No-fault insurance for car accidents
New York requires no-fault insurance for motor vehicle accidents, meaning your own insurer generally pays initial medical expenses and a portion of lost wages regardless of who caused the crash. However, no-fault benefits typically don't cover pain and suffering. To pursue a claim against the at-fault driver for those damages, your injury generally must meet the "serious injury" threshold defined under New York Insurance Law §5102(d).
Evidence that supports a claim
Strong personal injury claims are typically supported by medical records, photographs, accident or police reports, witness statements, and, where relevant, surveillance footage or expert analysis. The sooner this evidence is gathered, the less likely it is to be lost.
This section is intended to explain general concepts and is not legal advice for any individual situation. The facts of your case determine which rules and deadlines apply.
Statutes of limitations
Deadlines for filing a personal injury lawsuit in New York vary depending on the circumstances:
- Many personal injury claims must be filed within three years of the accident (CPLR §214)
- Wrongful death claims generally must be filed within two years
- Claims against a city agency, the MTA, or another public entity often require a notice of claim within 90 days — far shorter than the general deadline
These timeframes can vary based on the facts of your case, so it's important to speak with an attorney promptly rather than assume you have more time than you actually do.